Page 202 - dyser_Stankevych

202

ɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɨɫ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɨɫɬɿ. ɐɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɨɛɭɦɨɜ-

ɥɟɧɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ (ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɢɯ) ɤɿɥɟɰɶ. Ɂɚ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɿɬɱɚɫɬɢɯ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɪɿɜ. ɀɨɪɫɬɤɿ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɪ-

ɧɿ ɥɚɧɰɸɝɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɜɢɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɿ ɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɞɭɠɟ ɳɿɥɶɧɭ ɭɩɚɤɨɜ-

ɤɭ ɨɛ¶ɽɦɿ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ, ɜɢɫ ɦɟɯɚɧɿ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ.

Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɿɱɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɪɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɬɟɪɦɿɱɧɭ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ, ɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ

ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɦɚɤɪɨ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ʀɯ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶ-

ɧɿɫɬɶ. ɠɨɪɫɬɤ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɿ ɩɿɞ

ɧɚɝɪɿ ɡɚɡ ɧɿɹɤɢɯ ɮɚɡɨ ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɟ ɬɟɪ-

ɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɩɚɞɭ.

ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɿɦɟɪɧɢɯ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɿ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɿ ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚ-

ɬɚɰɿɣɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (ɦɿɰɧɿɫɬɶ 3,6…3,8 Ƚɉɚ, ɩɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ 62…180 Ƚɉɚ).

ɇɚɣɩɨɲ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɿ (Kevlar, Twaron) ɦɟɬɚ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɿ (Nomex)

ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ. Ȳɯ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɢɬɨɤ ɿɡ ɪɿɡɧɨɸ ɥɿɧɿɣɧɨɸ ɝɭɫɬɢɧɨɸ

ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧ ɜɨɥɨɤɨ ɭ ɧɢɬɤɚɯ ɡɦɿɧɸ-

ɜɿɞ 130 ɞɨ 1000 ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧ ɜɿɞ 500 ɞɨ 10000 ɤɚɧɚ ɿ
ɤɨɪɞɭ. ȼɨɥɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɩɨɜɡɭɱɨɫɬɿ ɩɿ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɦ. ɜɫɶɨ-

ɦɭ ɿɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɿ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɶ ɚɠ ɞɨ ɪɭɣɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɭɠɟɧɶ ɜɿɞ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣ
ɽ ɥɿɧɿɣɧɨɸ.

ɇɚ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɚɪɚɦɿɞɧɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ [395], ɦɿɤɪɨ-
ɫɤɨɩɿɱɧɿ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ [396], ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɤɪɭɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɢɬɨɤ, ɳɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞ-

ɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ. əɤ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ, ɡɿ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ

ɦɿɰɧɿ ɜɨɥɨɤɨ ɩɨɦ ɡɧɢɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ. ȼɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɟɮɟɤ ɩɨɜ¶ ɿɡ

ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟ ɩɿ ɫɤɪɭɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ɐ ɩɪɢɩɭɳɟɧ ɩɿɞ-

ɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɜɢɩɪɨɛɭɜɚɧɶ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɦɭ, ɹɤɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɭɸɬɶ, ɳɨ ɜɨɥɨɤ-

ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɬɪɢɦ ɤɿɥɶɤɿ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ, ɧɟ

ɬɟɪɬɹ, ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɞɨ ɞɭɠɟ

ɧɟɜɢɫɨɤɚ. ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɦɚɽ

ɧɚɣɛɿɥ ɡɚɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ʀɯ ɚɞɝɟɡɿʀ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɸ

[397]. ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɸɬ ɡɿ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ: ɚɩɪɟɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɩɪɨɫɨɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨ-